Use multi-omics to select targets (e.g., HER2/EGFR co-expression) for initial therapy; monitor dynamic target loss via circulating tumor DNA and multi-site biopsies; and incorporate molecular subtype (e.g., IDH status) and TME metrics (T-cell clonality, M1:M2 ratios) to refine stratification and endpoints in clinical trials. Here, ERBB2 is linked to neoplasm.