Although the effects of selective ETAR antagonists and dual ETAR and ETBR antagonists have been clinically tested in several pathophysiological conditions, including hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy, few studies have reported on the efficacy of targeting the endothelin system and downstream signaling molecules as a therapeutic strategy for obesity-related complications 27, 29, 41-43. This evidence concerns the gene EDNRA and heart failure.