TNF and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: However, it is thought that material inflammation andimmune system dysfunction in children also increase the risk of ADHD [42].Gustafsson et al. [43] drew attention to the risk between high serumIL-6, TNF-a and monoxide chemoattractant protein-1 detected in material serum andthe development of ADHD and was the first study to examine the relationshipbetween inflammation and brain development and behavioral deficits.