CST3 and Obesity: Although cystatin C is more sensitive than serum creatinine fordetecting early impairment of kidney function, it is also influenced by factorssuch as obesity, smoking, inflammation, thyroid activity, and glucocorticoidlevels, which can result in potential overestimation of kidney damage [8, 28].Numerous studies have shown that the accuracy of eGFR using both cystatin C andcreatinine, which reduces the measurement errors associated with both filtrationmarkers, surpasses that of estimates using either creatinine or cystatin C alone[8, 21, 29].