TLR4 and gout: Huang et al. [54] found that in patients with gouty arthritis,HSP60 expression was increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) andHSP60 activated the TLR4/myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88(MyD88)/NF-κB signaling pathway upon binding to TLR4, resulting in thesynthesis of the NLRP3 inflammasome and contributing to mitochondrialdysfunction.