Specifically,proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) can trigger cellular phenotypictransitions via epigenetic modifications—including DNA methylation, histonemodifications, and non-coding RNA-mediated regulation—and thereby contribute topathological processes such as tissue fibrosis and tumor metastasis [24, 25, 26, 27]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is neoplasm.