In contrast, the remaining nine genes (PIWIL4, GSE1, NCOR1, BUB1, SAP30L, MASTL, DNAJC2, UBE2D1, and SSRP1) represent novel contributors, as their potential functions in ESCC progression and prognosis had not been previously elucidated. This evidence concerns the gene SAP30L and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.