In contrast, the remaining nine genes (PIWIL4, GSE1, NCOR1, BUB1, SAP30L, MASTL, DNAJC2, UBE2D1, and SSRP1) represent novel contributors, as their potential functions in ESCC progression and prognosis had not been previously elucidated. The gene discussed is PIWIL4; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.