CD8A and neoplasm: To verify the reliability of our designed vaccine, we propose that subsequent experimental validations should include the following: conducting cellular uptake assays to evaluate the transfection efficiency of mRNA; performing protein expression assays to assess whether mRNA can be successfully translated into target antigens within cells; detecting the activation markers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells via flow cytometry to evaluate the vaccine’s immunogenicity; and finally, evaluating whether the vaccine can inhibit tumor growth in mouse models.