In diabetes, impaired skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity may disrupt UDPG clearance (Majer et al., 1996), while glutamine metabolism, which possesses UDPG-lowering potential, is itself dysregulated (Petrus et al., 2020; Shi et al., 2024), collectively exacerbating inflammation mediated by the UDPG/P2Y14R axis. Here, UGP2 is linked to diabetes mellitus.