NLRP3 and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome: Furthermore, gain of function mutations in NLRP3 cause cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), a rare pediatric autoinflammatory disease of varying severity resulting from dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and uncontrolled release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-β and IL-18 and pyroptosis [12, 13].