This advantage may be due to the fact that the CALLY Index, as a low-cost and easily accessible composite indicator, is able to identify patients at high risk of malnutrition or chronic inflammation and their risk of complications earlier by integrating the nutritional assessment function embodied in albumin, as opposed to indicators of inflammation or immune status only.[43] Although all 4 have good predictive ability, from a practical clinical point of view, the CALLY index may be more suitable for risk prediction in diabetes mellitus due to its comprehensive assessment advantages. Here, ALB is linked to nutritional deficiency disease.