UCH-L1 demonstrates dual functionality in PD, regulating both α-synuclein degradation and exerting neuroprotective effects (Liu et al. 2002); USP15 has been shown to interfere with Parkin activity by blocking ubiquitin chain formation, consequently impairing mitochondrial quality control and autophagy processes(Cornelissen et al. 2014); These findings collectively highlight the diverse yet interconnected roles of DUBs in modulating critical pathways involved in PD development and progression. Here, PRKN is linked to Parkinson disease.