CGAS and cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia: Promising biomarkers include: (i) genomic and epigenomic alterations such as cGAS or STING loss-of-function mutations, promoter hypermethylation, or TREX1 overexpression; (ii) TME composition, particularly the abundance of Tregs, MDSCs, and M2-like macrophages that restrict STING-mediated immunity; (iii) CIN status, as tumors with high CIN may exploit chronic cGAS–STING signaling for immune evasion; and (iv) pharmacodynamic indicators such as IFN-I, CXCL9, and CXCL10 induction following treatment.