CASP9 and infection: Taking into account the previous study (Karunakaran et al. 2011), where only caspase-8 activation was observed during infection, it is conceivable that bacteria suppress caspase-9 activation and mitochondrial permeabilization throughout infection, whereas manipulation of caspase-8 and caspase-1 signaling is required for bacterial release (Koch et al. 2020).