In contrast, tumor-resident, terminally-exhausted CD8+TILs (Texh) and lung cancer–specific dysfunctional CD8+TILs (TLdys) are dysfunctional TILs characterized by impaired cytotoxicity, failure to make IFN-γ, and a strong association with non-response to ICB therapy in lung cancer patients [8, 9]. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and lung cancer.