We examined the expressions of ITGA2, COL6A1, cyclin D1, PKN1, F2R, PDGFRA and HSP90AB1, and found that these genes are significantly upregulated in imatinib or nilotinib-resistant versus sensitive K562 cells (Fig. 6D) and in TKI-resistant CML patients compared to responding counterparts (Fig. 6E). This evidence concerns the gene F2R and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.