Multiple strategies, such as BCL-2 family inhibitors (which block anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins), kinase inhibitors (which interfere with signaling pathways), anti-inflammatory drugs (which reduce inflammation-mediated survival signals), and herbal extracts, were used for the treatment of ATLL and HTLV-1 infection by modulating BCL-2 activation pathways (Fig. 3). This evidence concerns the gene BCL2 and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.