VEGFA and glioblastoma: ,44 Notably, GBM located in the vicinity of the lateral ventricles exhibits more aggressive clinical features, including significantly shortened survival periods and increased distant recurrence rates, which may be related to the tumor cell dissemination mechanism mediated by the cerebrospinal fluid circulation system, particularly the key roles played by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).45