In OSCC, CHRNA5 upregulation was found to drive radioresistance through E2F pathway activation, whereas α7‐nAChR was found to promote nicotine‐induced malignancy, enhance cell survival, and confer cisplatin resistance as well as Bcl‐2–mediated anti‐apoptotic signaling, together contributing to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance [47, 48, 49]. Here, BCL2 is linked to neoplasm.