Results showed that intraperitoneal injection of these NMs led to efficient IL‐15 expression in hepatic parenchymal cells of tumor‐bearing mice, significantly promoting CD8+ T cell and NK cell proliferation, upregulating antitumor cytokines such as IFN‐γ and TNF, prolonging survival, and reducing tumor weight by 60%.[332] This study presents a novel delivery platform for immune gene therapy in LC. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.