Serum levels of IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-15, MIP-1α, TNFα, and TNFβ were significantly increased in HF participants compared to control participants (Table 5; IL-6 p < 0.0001 Mann-Whitney test, IL-12p40 p< 0.0001 students t-test, IL-15 p = 0.005 students t-test, MIP-1α p = 0.007 Mann-Whitney test, TNFα p = 0.0002 students t-test, and TNFβ p = 0.03 Mann-Whitney test). Here, CCL3 is linked to hydrops fetalis.