To identify biomarkers specific to HF and cognitive impairment, we showed that serum biomarkers for neurodegenerative disease, NfL, and cytokines, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-15, MIP-1α, TNFα, and TNFβ, levels were significantly higher in HF participants compared to healthy control participants. Here, NEFL is linked to neurodegenerative disease.