NEFL and hydrops fetalis: Recently, our laboratory has investigated biomarkers for neurodegeneration, including Neurofilament light protein (NfL), and circulating cytokines in our preclinical model of VCID-HF (Hoyer-Kimura et al. 2021) as well as possible treatment therapies with PNA5 (Hoyer-Kimura et al. 2021; 2023).