INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and HbA1c have a substantialrole in the progression of type 2 diabetes and are likewise correlatedwith an increased risk of cardiovascular disease., Our study found that a 1 °C increase in temperature variabilitywas significantly associated with an increase of 2.62% in fastinginsulin, 2.81% in HOMA-IR, and 2.38% in HbA1c, as well as a decreaseof 0.41% in QUICKI.