BMI: body mass index, WC: waist circumference, WHR: waist-to-hip ratio, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, ↓HDL-c: low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IFG: impaired fasting glucose, HOMA-IR: Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, CRP: C-reactive protein, NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, CKD-EPI: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is chronic kidney disease.