Significant ↓ insulin (-5.25 mg/dL) and HOMA-IR (-1.33). In women, ↓ PP (-4.69 mmHg). Acute study: lower rise in postprandial triglycerides vs placebo (+23.9 vs +49.0 mg/dL). Gut microbiota: ↓ Alistipes finegoldii and Ruminococcaceae linked to glycemic improvement; ↓ Prevotella 9-ASV0283 and Christensenellaceae linked to PP reduction. Suggests protection against T2DM and CVD risk. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.