PPBS in the first trimester was markedly higher in GDM women (133.06 ± 13.15 mg/dL vs. 92.56 ± 5.57 mg/dL, p<0.0001), consistent with evidence that even mild gestational hyperglycemia negatively impacts pregnancy outcomes [23]. Beyond generic machine learning (ML), a 2025 biomarker study and a parallel medicine analysis both show that broader cardiometabolic panels can improve discrimination while raising issues of assay availability, cost, and clinical integration - highlighting the trade-off between simplicity (our CRP+PPBS) vs. complexity (multi-analyte panels/ML) [23,24]. This evidence concerns the gene CRP and gestational diabetes.