BCL2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Taken together, these complementary findings—ranging from flow cytometry and protein expression to ultrastructural and functional mitochondrial assessments—provide compelling evidence that FPHPE induces apoptosis in HCC cells primarily through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway, characterized by mitochondrial depolarization, cristae disruption, caspase activation, and modulation of Bcl‐2 family proteins.