Multiple pro-angiogenic cytokines, including VEGF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis TNF-α, transforming TGF-β, chemokine CXCL1, IL-6, and IL-8, are involved in neovascularization in CRC (165). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.