Although the mupirocin-treated group showed significant improvement in skin lesions, S. aureus burden, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IgE, TSLP, and IL-33) compared to the Model group, the increasing prevalence of mupirocin-resistant S. aureus in AD patients raises concerns regarding the long-term use of topical antibiotics (17). This evidence concerns the gene TSLP and Alzheimer disease.