Lastly, the functional links of these secreted proteins to oncogenic pathways (e.g., Notch, PI3K-AKT, androgen receptor), tumor progression and cellular transformation, established in both mechanistic and animal model studies, suggest that these genes are not simply passive biomarkers but have the potential to become actionable targets for therapy (11, 19, 20, 26, 28). The gene discussed is AR; the disease is neoplasm.