A study from 2013 demonstrated that elevated serum levels of IL-23 and IL-17 in patients with primary biliary cholangitis were associated with more advanced clinical stages and elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels (20).Another study found significantly higher plasma IL-23 concentrations in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), while increased IL-17A and decreased IL-10 levels were observed in patients with chronic hepatitis C compared to healthy controls (21). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and chronic hepatitis C virus infection.