In parallel, IL-10 is consistently associated with parasite persistence and immune dysregulation in infections with L. amazonensis and L. major (28, 29), while in L. braziliensis and L. tropica IL-1β is the main cytokine associated with tissue damage and its release depends on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome (23, 24, 30, 31). Here, IL1B is linked to infection.