AKT1 and neoplasm: Genetic models corroborate ligand dependence: complete loss of ephrin-A5 reduces tumor size and downstream Akt signaling in mice, yet redundancy among family members and severe phenotypes in certain knockouts (e.g., difficulty isolating EphA7 single knockouts) caution that simple loss-of-function interpretations may be misleading and demand careful in vivo study design (Bhatia et al., 2015).