Taken together, these findings emphasize intratumorally heterogeneity in gliomas and the need to interpret Eph/ephrin biology in the light of subgroup, ligand availability, phosphorylation state, and co-activated pathways (Liu et al., 2007; Hao et al., 2021; Shen et al., 2021; Li et al., 2010; Miao et al., 2015; Suo et al., 2019; Wykosky et al., 2005; Binda et al., 2012; Qazi et al., 2018; Li et al., 2009; Ricci et al., 2020; Raja et al., 2019; Nakada et al., 2004; Qiu et al., 2019; Krusche et al., 2016; Tu et al., 2012; Broggini et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene EPHA1 and central nervous system cancer.