PDCD1 and cancer: Seven anti PD-1 antibodies (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, retifanlimab, tislelizumab, and toripalimab) and three anti PD-L1 antibodies (atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab) are now approved by the European Medicines Agency and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for various human cancers including melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and renal cancer.7