Mechanistically, FMN alleviates septic ALI in rats by suppressing the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signalling pathway, resulting in a reduction in the expression of key proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (Li, 2024). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.