CCL5 and inflammatory response: In mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma, FMN treatment significantly improves lung function and alleviates pulmonary inflammation (Yi et al., 2020), as indicated by a reduction in the infiltration of inflammatory cells, specifically eosinophils, and decreased levels of key Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and chemokines (CCL5/RANTES and CCL11/eotaxin-1), as well as IgE (Yi et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2024).