In comparison to the HL group, the HL + S group showed a greater reduction in the expression of acc, fad, and srebp1, while the HL + A group demonstrated higher expression levels of cpt1, pparα, and fabp1. The WB results further validated this trend, revealing a decrease on pACC levels in HL + S group and on FAS level in HL + A group, while the levels of CPT1, AMPK and pAMPK in the HL + A and HL + S groups were significantly higher compared to the CF group. Here, FAS is linked to cystic fibrosis.