CD4 and lobular neoplasia: In conclusion, QS may regulate the purine metabolism pathway to affect the activation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells; simultaneously, they inhibit the expression of proteins related to the GBP2–NF-kappaB signaling pathway, reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thereby modulate the abnormal circulatory state of CD4+ T cells to ameliorate symptoms of LN.