When modeling the co-occurrence of CHIP and MBL on incident myeloid malignancies, individuals with both MBL and CHIP (HR = 7.33, 95% CI: 2.45–21.93, P < 0.001, Fig. 3c) had statistically similar risk as individuals with CHIP alone (HR = 6.61, 95% CI: 3.31–13.21, P < 0.001) relative to individuals with no precursors. Here, STUB1 is linked to myeloid neoplasm.