GPX4 and diabetic retinopathy: Zhang et al. determined that ferroptosis is a key mechanism underlying blood-retinal barrier damage in diabetic retinopathy, demonstrating that Flotillin-1 activates the Nrf2 pathway by enhancing its expression and promoting its nuclear translocation, thereby stimulating the SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway to inhibit lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis [168].