T cells within the airways and affected tissues of sarcoidosis patients predominantly exhibit Th1, Th17, and Th17.1 phenotypes.61, 134, 136, 137, 138Ramstein et al identified an enrichment of Th17.1 cells in BALF of sarcoidosis compared with healthy controls.136More recently, spatial single transcriptomics confirmed Th17.1 cells, driven by IL-12 and IL-23, as the predominant CD4+T cell subset within granulomas. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and Granuloma.