In addition, PC defects through TGF-β signaling can trigger epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and exacerbate autoimmune thyroid diseases, as demonstrated by Marazuela’s group when stimulating thyrocytes with TGF-β, which increased the expression of EMT markers and disrupted ciliogenesis (Sacristán-Gómez et al. 2023). Here, TGFB1 is linked to autoimmune thyroid disease.