ETVAX induces significant ALS IgG and IgA responses in adults to LTB and four adhesins (CFA/I, CS3, CS5, and CS6) (and anti-adhesin antibodies cross-react with CS1, CS14, CS17, and CS7 [126]) and at least LTB in young children in ETEC-endemic countries. This evidence concerns the gene LTB and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.