TNF and Hepatic fibrosis: D-Glucuronolactone, naturally abundant in animal livers, demonstrates hepatoprotective effects by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and GSH) and decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis models (Chen et al., 2015).