KEAP1 and acute kidney injury: For instance, using AIEgen technology for in vivo imaging of MSC-EVs in an acute kidney injury (AKI) mouse model, it was found that MSC-EVs could specifically accumulate in the damaged kidney area and exert antioxidant effects by delivering miRNA200a–3p, thereby activating the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling axis within renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs), and promoting the repair of kidney function by improving the structure and function of mitochondria [33].