The reversal of CD8+ T cell exhaustion in TME of IRE+Combo-ablated 3LLOVA lung cancer may reflect a cumulative effect of (i) PD-1 blockade (13, 14), (ii) endowment of cDC1 with cancer-impeding functions by CD4+ Th1 cells derived from TLR3 agonist (pIC) stimulation (34, 35), and (iii) the alleviating effects of CD103+TCF1+ TRM cells (77). The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is cancer.