IDO1 and lung cancer: We demonstrated that IRE+Combo converted the immunosuppressive TME of 3LLOVA lung cancer by (i) decreasing the frequency of inhibitory MDSCs as well as down-regulating their production of inhibitory PD-L1, IDO and arginase; (ii) increasing the frequency of immunogenic CD8+CD103+ cDC1 and down-regulating the abundance of inhibitory cell surface PD-L1; and (iii) rescuing CD8+ T cell exhaustion.