MPPE1 and neoplasm: Importantly, we also demonstrated that the new IRE+Combo treatment regimen more efficiently converted the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) than the IRE+CpG/pIC/PD-L1-Ab treatment lacking the 41BB-agonist by reducing the frequency of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC) while increasing that of immunogenic cDC1 and CD8+ T cells and rescuing CD8+ T cell exhaustion.