Among various circulating biomarkers associated with AF, evidence points to a significant role for CXCL1's receptor—C-X-C motif chemokine Receptor 2 (CXCR2)—in promoting cardiac remodeling and fibrosis through the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). This evidence concerns the gene CXCR2 and atrial fibrillation.