For patients with myeloma and lymphoma, the G-CSF response is not only associated with infectious risk following high-dose chemotherapy, but also serves as a superior predictive factor compared with the duration of neutropenia.16) In patients with primary AIN, the G-CSF response is typically preserved because their bone marrow is normocellular or hypercellular. Here, CSF3 is linked to Decreased total neutrophil count.