To delve deeper, we employed gene set activity analysis using QuSAGE, which revealed that the CD8‐C2‐Texterm cell subsets were predominantly enriched in signaling pathways, including the Toll‐like receptor pathway, cytokine‒cytokine receptor interaction, PD‐L1 expression and the PD‐1 checkpoint pathway in cancers (Figure 3F). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.