Additionally, NMD prevents the expression of potential tumor antigens, thereby helping tumor cells evade recognition and attack by the immune system and reducing the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.[79] Therefore, in tumor cells, overexpression of GSPT1 may upregulate NMD, which leads to the degradation of tumor suppressor genes and the suppression of the immune system, thereby promoting tumor escape (Figure 4B). This evidence concerns the gene GSPT1 and neoplasm.