We also observed that self-reported hearing loss was associated with an increased risk of dementia among participants with an APOE ε4 allele (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.03-3.65; P = .04) (eTable 9 in Supplement 1); this association between hearing loss and dementia risk persisted in APOE ε4 carriers after additional adjustment for vascular risk factors SBP, T2D, and current smoking status (HR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.02-6.70; P = .046) (eTable 10 in Supplement 1). Here, APOE is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.