Finally, we added two isogenic fly lines in our analysis that delete key HDPs downstream of the Toll and Imd pathways: (i) Bom∆55C, a short deletion removing ten Bomanins at position 55C, which causes a major susceptibility to infection by Gram-positive bacteria and fungi (Clemmons et al., 2015), and (ii) ∆AMP14, a compound fly line of eight mutations removing 14 AMP genes (4 Cecropins, 4 Attacins, 2 Diptericins, Drosocin, Defensin, Drosomycin, and Metchnikowin), which causes a major susceptibility to infection by Gram-negative bacteria (Carboni et al., 2022; Hanson et al., 2019). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is infection.